Optical methods

Optical techniques are methods that use light to probe or control matter. One prominent example is optical spectroscopy, which includes such methods as pump–probe spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and photoemission spectroscopy. Optical methods were probably the first techniques to be used for non-destructive testing, notably visual testing. They have developed from ancient origins into many complex and elaborate optical investigation techniques.

Some visual tests are based on the simple laws of geometrical optics.

A major part of modern Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, focuses on the study of the energy exchange between electromagnetic radiation and matter.

Others depend on properties of .

These interactions are visible to the naked eye, when the radiations concerned fall within the visible spectrum. Optical methods are widely used by industry, academia, medicine, and the military for the analysis and characterization of chemicals and materials. Prominent amongst these techniques are measurements based on infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy, molecular fluorescence, and Raman . OPTICAL METHODS OF THE ANALYSIS. CLASSIFICATION OF METHODS OF THE ANALYSIS ON CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL.

Analytical chemistry is the study of the separation, identification, and quantification of the chemical components of natural and artificial materials. Qualitative analysis gives an . Optical Methods for Single Molecule Detection and Analysis. Click to increase image size Free first page. This tutorial reviews various noncontact optical sensing techniques that can be used to measure distances to objects, and related parameters such as displacements, surface profiles, velocities and vibrations.

The techniques that are discussed and compared include intensity-based sensing, triangulation, time-of- flight . Generally, the optical measurement techniques can be . Not long ago the most sophisticated optical system accessible to biology and medicine was the confocal microscope. Today, it is very common to meet biologists and physicians trained in advanced spectroscopy and optical manipulation techniques. The groups led by the authors of this roadmap have . We first provide an overview of 3-D shape measurement using various optical methods. Then we focus on structured light techniques where various optical configurations, image acquisition techniques, data postprocessing and analysis methods and advantages and limitations are presented. Several industrial application . Single-molecule biomechanics with optical methods.

Mehta AD(1), Rief M, Spudich JA, Smith DA, Simmons RM. We develop new approaches to optical microscopy and electromagnetic modeling to enable improved metrology of nanoscale structures with dimensions more than an order of magnitude below traditional resolution limits. New applications and standards produced from these methods include defect . Using mouse brain as our model system, we develop scattering-resistant adaptive optical methods to cancel out these aberrations and achieve high- resolution imaging in vivo.

This Instructional Review describes methods and underlying principles that can be used to characterize both the orientations assumed spontaneously by liquid crystals (LCs) at interfaces and the strength with which the LCs are held in those orientations (so-called anchoring energies).