Optoelectronics devices

P-n junctions are an integral part of several optoelectronic devices. These include photodiodes, solar cells light emitting diodes (LEDs) and semiconductor lasers. In this section, we discuss the principle of operation of these devices and derive equations for key parameters.

In this context, light often includes invisible forms of radiation such as gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet and infrare in addition to visible light. This can include electrically driven light sources such as laser diodes and light-emitting diodes, components for converting light to an electrical current such as solar and photovoltaic cells and devices that .

Light-emitting devices use voltage and current to produce electromagnetic radiation (i.e., light).

Such light-emitting devices are commonly used for purposes of .

If the energy is in the form of photons, photoluminescence is produced. They utilise energy in the visible and infrared regions of the electromag- . Related technologies: Photonics - science and technology concerned with the behavior of photons. All the optoelectronic devices are explained in detail.

The concept of threshold frequency is also explained. Design, modelling, fabrication and processing of new or improved active semiconductor-based devices and systems that use electrons and photons. Wherever light is used to transmit information, tiny semiconductor devices are needed to transfer electrical current into optical signals and vice versa. Examples include light emitting diodes in radios and other appliances, photodetectors in elevator doors and digital . Optoelectronics has become an important part of our lives.

With the continuous drive for higher power, higher relia- bility, smaller size, and lower cost in the optoelectronics industry, optoelectronics packaging has emerged as one of the most important technologies in recent years. Some con- ventional packaging technologies for . Single-layer metal dichalcogenides are two-dimensional semiconductors that present strong potential for electronic and sensing applications complementary to that of graphene. The p–n junction is the functional element of many electronic and optoelectronic devices , including diodes, bipolar transistors, photodetectors, light-emitting diodes and solar cells. A field of technology that combines the physics of light with electricity.

Any device that operates as an electrical-to-optical or optical-to-electrical transducer is considered an . Electronic materials, devices , and fabrication by Prof S. Parasuraman, Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Madras. For more details on NPTEL visi. In this chapter we will describe some of the current applications of optoelectronics.

In fact lasers, optical fibres and other optoelectronic devices are present in many aspects of our everyday lives. Their use has opened new perspectives in many fields such as medicine, material science, communications, etc.